What Is War?

Excerpted lesson from Making Choices About Conflict, Security, and Peacemaking by Carol Miller Lieber

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PURPOSE: Students will consider the kinds of human activity we define as war, what activities we might describe as warlike, and what activities are neither. Students will examine various definitions of war and types of warfare, especially as these descriptions relate to the kinds of war we are witnessing at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

LEARNING STRATEGIES: Brainstorming, whole group discussion, reading for understanding, cooperative learning

TIME: One class period

MATERIALS: Handout: Defining War and Aggression, large poster paper, markers, large paper, newspapers, tape

SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Make a web chart, placing the word "war" in the centre. Ask students to brainstorm all the words and phrases that they think of when they hear the word "war."



2. Put the following list of events (or any other events you want to select) on the board or large poster paper, and ask students to consider whether they would categorize each item as "War," "Warlike," or "Neither":



"War on Drugs"

Cronulla riots in 2005

Uprising of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank

The bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City

U.S. invasion of Panama in 1990

Drug wars in Columbia and Mexico

"War on Poverty"

Attack on World TradeCentre and the Pentagon, 2001

Vietnam War

Urban street violence

Trade wars over tariffs and open markets

L.A. riots in 1992

Assassination of terrorist leaders

The invasion of Iraq in 1991

Terrorist bombing of Pam Am Flight 407 over Scotland

Protests in Tienamen Square in China in 1989

Democratic Revolution in Russia in 1990

The Cold War

Assassination of a state leader

Armed conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, Macedonia

Political chaos in Somalia

The conflict among Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda

Israeli bombing of nuclear facilities in Iraq in 1988

Protests against the policies and practices of global capitalism

Apartheid policies in South Africa




3. Give students a few minutes to discuss the list with a partner before you open up discussion with the whole class. Make three lists as students select where they would place each item. Discuss what students perceive to be the differences between each the three categories of activities and events.



4. Pass out copies of the handout "Defining War and Aggression" to each student. Read through the definitions of war and the descriptions of various kinds of warfare carefully, soliciting examples and illustrations from students using the web charts, the list from #2, and current conflicts that students might be familiar with.



5. Now, ask the students to come up with a definition for terrorism. After they come up with some definitions, discuss the pros and cons of different definitions. What differentiates terrorists from warriors, freedom fighters, or patriots? Is any attack on civilians a terrorist act? When governments bomb cities, is it terrorism? Was the attack on the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 an act of terrorism?

Assessment: Divide students into groups of three. Ask students to use current newspapers and news magazines to make a collage of current conflicts, labeling them using descriptions from the handout.