For years not listed, no award was made.
- 1962
- The Making of the President, 1960, Theodore H. White
- 1963
- The Guns of August, Barbara W. Tuchman
- 1964
- Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, Richard Hofstadter
- 1965
- O Strange New World, Howard Mumford Jones
- 1966
- Wandering Through Winter, Edwin Way Teale
- 1967
- The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture, David Brion Davis
- 1968
- Rousseau and Revolution, Will and Ariel Durant
- 1969
- So Human an Animal, Rene Jules Dubos; The Armies of the Night, Norman Mailer
- 1970
- Gandhi's Truth, Erik H. Erikson
- 1971
- The Rising Sun, John Toland
- 1972
- Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–1945, Barbara W. Tuchman
- 1973
- Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam, Frances FitzGerald; Children of Crisis (Vols. 1 and 2), Robert M. Coles
- 1974
- The Denial of Death, Ernest Becker
- 1975
- Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, Annie Dillard
- 1976
- Why Survive? Being Old in America, Robert N. Butler
- 1977
- Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs and the Chesapeake Bay, William W. Warner
- 1978
- The Dragons of Eden, Carl Sagan
- 1979
- On Human Nature, Edward O. Wilson
- 1980
- Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, Douglas R. Hofstadter
- 1981
- Fin-de–Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture, Carl E. Schorske
- 1982
- The Soul of a New Machine, Tracy Kidder
- 1983
- Is There No Place on Earth for Me?, Susan Sheehan
- 1984
- Social Transformation of American Medicine, Paul Starr
- 1985
- The Good War: An Oral History of World War II, Studs Terkel
- 1986
- Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White, Joseph Lelyveld; Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families, J. Anthony Lukas
- 1987
- Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land, David K. Shipler
- 1988
- The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Richard Rhodes
- 1989
- A Bright Shining Lie, Neil Sheehan
- 1990
- And Their Children After Them, Dale Maharidge and Michael Williamson
- 1991
- The Ants, Bert Holldobler and Edward O.
Wilson
- 1992
- The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, Daniel Yergin
- 1993
- Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America, Garry Wills
- 1994
- Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire, David Remick
- 1995
- The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time, Jonathan Weiner
- 1996
- The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism, Tina Rosenberg
- 1997
- Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris, Richard Kluger
- 1998
- Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, Jared Diamond
- 1999
- Annals of the Former World, John McPhee
- 2000
- Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II, John W. Dower
- 2001
- Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, Herbert P. Bix
- 2002
- Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution, Diane McWhorter
- 2003
- A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide, Samantha Power
- 2004
- Gulag: A History, Anne Applebaum
- 2005
- Ghost Wars, Steve Coll
- 2006
- Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya, Caroline Elkins
- 2007
- The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, Lawrence Wright
- 2008
- The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945, Saul Friedländer
- 2009
- Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II, Douglas A. Blackmon
- 2010
- The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy, David E. Hoffman
- 2011
- The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer, Siddhartha Mukherjee
- 2012
- The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, Stephen Greenblatt
- 2013
- Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, Gilbert King
- 2014
- Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation, Dan Fagin
- 2015
- The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Elizabeth Kolbert
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