Rare book: When few copies of a book are known to exist, it is called rare.
First edition: The first printing of a book, valued by collectors because it is the original version of the author's text.
Autographed copy: A book that is signed by the author.
Inside
Leaves: Each sheet of paper is a leaf.
Pages: Each side of a leaf is a page.
Bookplate: A label pasted in a book that names the owner or donor.
Endpapers: The pages between the cover and body of a book; they may be plain, colored, or printed, such as with a map.
Front matter: The pages before the text (title page, etc.)
Back matter: The pages following the text (index, etc.)
Text: The basic information, or core, of a book.
Outside
Dust jacket: The paper cover
Cover or case: The outside binding
Spine: The backbone