For years not listed, no award was made.
- 1918
- Love Songs, Sara Teasdale
- 1919
- Old Road to Paradise, Margaret Widdemer; Corn Huskers, Carl Sandburg
- 1922
- Collected Poems, Edwin Arlington Robinson
- 1923
- The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver; A Few Figs from Thistles; eight sonnets in American Poetry, 1922, A Miscellany, Edna St. Vincent Millay
- 1924
- New Hampshire: A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes, Robert Frost
- 1925
- The Man Who Died Twice, Edwin Arlington
Robinson
- 1926
- What's O'Clock, Amy Lowell
- 1927
- Fiddler's Farewell, Leonora Speyer
- 1928
- Tristram, Edwin Arlington Robinson
- 1929
- John Brown's Body, Stephen Vincent Benet
- 1930
- Selected Poems, Conrad Aiken
- 1931
- Collected Poems, Robert Frost
- 1932
- The Flowering Stone, George Dillon
- 1933
- Conquistador, Archibald MacLeish
- 1934
- Collected Verse, Robert Hillyer
- 1935
- Bright Ambush, Audrey Wurdemann
- 1936
- Strange Holiness, Robert P. T. Coffin
- 1937
- A Further Range, Robert Frost
- 1938
- Cold Morning Sky, Marya Zaturenska
- 1939
- Selected Poems, John Gould Fletcher
- 1940
- Collected Poems, Mark Van Doren
- 1941
- Sunderland Capture, Leonard Bacon
- 1942
- The Dust Which Is God, William Rose Benet
- 1943
- A Witness Tree, Robert Frost
- 1944
- Western Star, Stephen Vincent Benet
- 1945
- V-Letter and Other Poems, Karl Shapiro
- 1947
- Lord Weary's Castle, Robert Lowell
- 1948
- The Age of Anxiety, W. H. Auden
- 1949
- Terror and Decorum, Peter Viereck
- 1950
- Annie Allen, Gwendolyn Brooks
- 1951
- Complete Poems, Carl Sandburg
- 1952
- Collected Poems, Marianne Moore
- 1953
- Collected Poems, 1917–1952, ArchibaldMacLeish
- 1954
- The Waking, Theodore Roethke
- 1955
- Collected Poems, Wallace Stevens
- 1956
- Poems—North & South, Elizabeth Bishop
- 1957
- Things of This World, Richard Wilbur
- 1958
- Promises: Poems, 1954–1956, Robert Penn Warren
- 1959
- Selected Poems, 1928–1958, Stanley Kunitz
- 1960
- Heart's Needle, William Snodgrass
- 1961
- Times Three: Selected Verse From Three Decades, Phyllis McGinley
- 1962
- Poems, Alan Dugan
- 1963
- Pictures From Breughel, William Carlos
Williams
- 1964
- At the End of the Open Road, Louis Simpson
- 1965
- 77 Dream Songs, John Berryman
- 1966
- Selected Poems, Richard Eberhart
- 1967
- Live or Die, Anne Sexton
- 1968
- The Hard Hours, Anthony Hecht
- 1969
- Of Being Numerous, George Oppen
- 1970
- Untitled Subjects, Richard Howard
- 1971
- The Carrier of Ladders, William S. Merwin
- 1972
- Collected Poems, James Wright
- 1973
- Up Country, Maxine Winokur Kumin
- 1974
- The Dolphin, Robert Lowell
- 1975
- Turtle Island, Gary Snyder
- 1976
- Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror, John Ashbery
- 1977
- Divine Comedies, James Merrill
- 1978
- Collected Poems, Howard Nemerov
- 1979
- Now and Then: Poems, 1976–1978, Robert Penn Warren
- 1980
- Selected Poems, Donald Rodney Justice
- 1981
- The Morning of the Poem, James Schuyler
- 1982
- The Collected Poems, Sylvia Plath
- 1983
- Selected Poems, Galway Kinnell
- 1984
- American Primitive, Mary Oliver
- 1985
- Yin, Carolyn Kizer
- 1986
- The Flying Change, Henry Taylor
- 1987
- Thomas and Beulah, Rita Dove
- 1988
- Partial Accounts: New and Selected Poems, William Meredith
- 1989
- New and Collected Poems, Richard Wilbur
- 1990
- The World Doesn't End, Charles Simic
- 1991
- Near Changes, Mona Van Duyn
- 1992
- Selected Poems, James Tate
- 1993
- The Wild Iris, Louise Gluck
- 1994
- Neon Vernacular, Yusef Komunyakaa
- 1995
- Simple Truth, Philip Levine
- 1996
- The Dream of the Unified Field, Jorie Graham
- 1997
- Alive Together: New and Selected Poems, Lisel Mueller
- 1998
- Black Zodiac, Charles Wright
- 1999
- Blizzard of One, Mark Strand
- 2000
- Repair, C. K. Williams
- 2001
- Different Hours: Poems, Stephen Dunn
- 2002
- Practical Gods, Carl Dennis
- 2003
- Moy Sand and Gravel, Paul Muldoon
- 2004
- Walking to Martha's Vineyard, Franz Wright
- 2005
- Delights & Shadows, Ted Kooser
- 2006
- Late Wife, Claudia Emerson
- 2007
- Native Guard, Natasha Trethewey
- 2008
- Failure, Philip Schultz
- 2009
- The Shadow of Sirius, W.S. Merwin
- 2010
- Versed, Rae Armantrout
- 2011
- The Best of It: New and Selected Poems, Kay Ryan
- 2012
- Life on Mars, Tracy K. Smith
- 2013
- Stag's Leap, Sharon Olds
- 2014
- 3 Sections, Vijay Seshadri
- 2015
- Digest, Gregory Pardlo
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