How to Read a Poem
Step I
The first time you start to read a
poem you must relax and read it once through without concentrating
on its meaning. This first reading should be very much the
way you would size up someone whom you are meeting for the
first time. You will just get a first impression. You will observe this
individual and listen to his or her voice, and you might enjoy
just looking at or noticing his or her shape or movement. You may form
some ideas about this person, but you should not think you really know
or understand what he or she is all about. This metaphor or analogy
is similar to reading a poem for the first time. You may enjoy the
sound, rhythms, or description of the words, and you might form some general
impressions about the poem, but you will want to learn more about it after each
reading.
Step 2
On your second or third reading, you should
concentrate a bit more closely on the general meaning or meanings in the poem.
It is still too early to think about each specific line or word; stop, however,
to think about a particular line that strikes you. It may be a certain phrase,
or a word that is unfamiliar to you. You might ask a classmate in your group
about this phrase, or look up the word in a dictionary. You will by now want to
compare your feelings about the poem after reading it the second or third time
with how you felt about it when you encountered it for the first time. Are your
feelings the same? Are they similar? What is different and why?
Step 3
Any additional readings of the poem should be used to
think more specifically about the words, phrases, or images you have read. It is
now time to think more specifically about what the poem means. Once again, use
the example given before about meeting someone. After you have seen this person
on different occasions, do you still have the same first impressions? Or is this
individual somewhat different now that you have gotten to know more personal
details about his or her experiences, values, or beliefs?
Step 4
Poems usually are written to describe something that
the poet sees differently, or is eager to convey uniquely. The poet may want to
paint a picture or image with words for the reader, or to express a point of
view so that the reader will think about it from a different perspective or
meaning. These are some of the possibilities to keep in mind as you search for a
clearer understanding of the poem.
Step 5
The more you become familiar with the poem, the
better you should understand it. One helpful approach to understanding it is to
try to summarize, or to put into your own words, the different interpretations
you have about individual lines or stanzas in the poem. Compare your views with
those of others in your group, and listen to how other students form opinions
about the poem. Remember, however, that there is generally no exact or right
meaning for a poem. Poets will often confess that they are not exactly sure what
they meant when they wrote certain lines or phrases; they have even been heard
to say on occasion that sometimes words seem to "drop from heaven" and land on
the page. That is what awakening the imagination is all about. If you are lucky,
and if you practice enough, magical things may happen when you write and you may
be able to produce a beautiful poem or other work of art yourself.
Higher Order Thinking Responses
- Choose a favorite poem to read to your group.
- What metaphors or similes does it contain?
- Describe unique sounds or rhythms in the poem.
- Does it have unfamiliar or unusual words?
- What meaning or image is the poet trying to convey?
Creative Product
- Write your own poem using metaphors and similes with unique sounds and rhythms.
Excerpted from: English Teacher's Portfolio of Multicultural Activities
